Embroidered patch backing (also known as stabilizer) is a material used in the embroidery process to provide the necessary stability and support to the fabric and embroidery pattern. The choice of backing directly affects the quality, durability and final visual effect of the embroidery. The right backing ensures that the embroidery pattern is flat and has clear lines, especially in delicate or intricate designs.
The main functions of backing materials include:
- Providing a stable base to make the embroidery process easier
- Preventing the fabric from distorting or stretching during the embroidery process
- Enhancing the firmness of the embroidery design for a longer service life
- Provide different visual and tactile effects according to different needs
Main types of backing materials
Embroidery backing can be divided into various types according to different classification criteria. Understanding these types and their characteristics is the basis for choosing the right backing.
Classification by solubility
Water-soluble backing is a material that dissolves in water and is particularly suitable for embroidery designs that require a light, soft effect. This type of backing can be completely removed by washing after the embroidery is completed, leaving a flat, non-stiff embroidery effect.
There are two main types of water-soluble backing:
- Cold water water-soluble backing: suitable for embroidery that requires a lightweight, flexible, and translucent effect, such as on undergarments. This type of backing dissolves in cold water, retaining the softness and skin-friendliness of the fabric.
- Hot water water-soluble backing: requires hot water to dissolve and is suitable for more complex patterns or where longer support is required.
Characteristics of water-soluble backing:
- Provides temporary support
- Completely removable after embroidery is complete
- Ideal for situations where fabric softness needs to be maintained
- Especially suitable for natural fiber fabrics such as cotton
Permanent backing
Permanent backing remains on the fabric after the embroidery is completed, providing long-term support and stability for the embroidery design. This type of backing is particularly suitable for situations where additional structural support or durability is required.
Main types of permanent backing:
- Tear-away backing: this type of backing can be removed after the embroidery is completed, but leaves a thin layer of residue that provides long-lasting stability for the embroidery. Tear-off backings are available in different weights and strengths to suit a wide range of fabrics and design complexities.
- Bonded backing: Fixed to the fabric by heat pressing or adhesives to provide sturdy support for embroidery. Ideal for situations where a high degree of stability is required.
Features of permanent backing:
- Provides long-term stability
- Retained in the final product
- Enhances the durability of the embroidery
- Ideal for designs requiring additional structural support
Classification by material
PVA self-adhesive water-soluble backing
This backing is made of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and is self-adhesive and easy to use. It is suitable for seamless project finishes, especially where a precise fit is required.PVA backing dissolves in water, making it easy to clean and dispose of.
Polyester Nonwoven Backing
Polyester nonwoven is a common backing material that is soft and lightweight.100% polyester nonwoven soft embroidery backing is a permanent stabilizer that is retained on the fabric and remains stable during and after embroidery. It is a great choice for knit fabrics because it prevents designs from distorting during frequent wear and washing.
Polyester and viscose blend backing
This backing combines the properties of polyester and viscose to provide balanced stability and softness. The number of stitches in the pattern and other design factors need to be considered when choosing this backing.
Selection criteria for backing materials
Selecting the right backing material requires consideration of several factors that directly affect the quality and effectiveness of the embroidery.
Type of fabric
The type of fabric is the primary consideration in choosing a backing. According to Colman and Company, different types of fabrics require different backing treatments:
- Knitted fabrics: Tear-away backing is usually used, which can be removed after the embroidery is completed but leaves a thin layer of residue that provides the necessary stability for knitted fabrics .
- Woven fabrics: Cut-away backing is usually used, which needs to be cut after the embroidery is completed and is suitable for intricate designs on woven fabrics .
- Specialty fabrics: For specialty fabrics such as lace and tulle, a lighter, more transparent backing is required to avoid affecting the original properties of the fabric. Freudenberg Performance Materials offers a wide range of interlinings on request, including ultra-light interlinings and water-soluble backings for delicate lace lingerie.
Design Complexity
The complexity of the embroidery design directly affects the type and strength of backing required:
- Simple designs: for simple patterns or single-color designs, lighter backing materials can be used, such as lightweight tear-off backing.
- Complex Designs: For multi-color, multi-layer or high-density intricate designs, a heavier, stronger backing is required to provide adequate support.
- Large embroidery: For large embroidery areas, special consideration needs to be given to the size and strength of the backing to ensure stability and flatness throughout the pattern.
Selection of backing for different materials for embroidery
Different materials require different backing treatments. The following are suggestions for backing choices for embroidery on several common materials:
Cotton fabric
Cotton fabric is one of the most commonly used materials in embroidery, with good breathability and softness. For cotton fabrics, consider the following backing options:
- Water-soluble backing: For occasions where the softness of the fabric needs to be maintained, such as T-shirts and underwear, water-soluble backing can be chosen. Water-soluble backing can be washed away with water after the embroidery is completed, leaving a flat, non-stiff embroidery effect .
- Permanent Backing: For applications that require additional structural support, such as backpacks, jackets, etc., permanent backing is an option. Tear-off backing is a good option, it can be removed after the embroidery is finished, but leaves a thin layer of residue that provides lasting stability for the embroidery .
Silk fabrics
Silk fabrics are light and soft, but relatively fragile and require special backing treatments:
- Ultra-lightweight backing: For silk fabrics, it is necessary to choose an ultra-lightweight backing to avoid affecting the original properties of the fabric. Freudenberg Performance Materials is able to provide the ultra-lightweight interlining and water-soluble backing required for fine lace lingerie .
- Temporary backings: Due to the fragility of silk, it is advisable to use temporary backings, such as water-soluble backings, which can be completely removed after the embroidery is finished, reducing the long-term stress on the silk.
Leather fabrics
Leather fabrics are hard and non-breathable and require special backing treatments:
- Specialized leather backing: For leather fabrics, it is necessary to choose a backing specially designed for leather, these backings usually have stronger adhesive and support properties.
- Removable backing: Due to the nature of leather, it is preferable to use a removable backing so that the backing can be completely removed after the embroidery has been completed, preserving the natural character and appearance of the leather.
Knitted fabrics
Knitted fabrics are elastic and easily deformed and require special backing treatment:
- Tear-Off Backing: For knitted fabrics, tear-off backing is an excellent option. Tear-off 100% polyester non-woven soft embroidery backing is a permanent stabilizer that remains on the fabric and stays stable during and after embroidery. It is a great choice for knit fabrics because it prevents the design from distorting during frequent wear and washing .
- Bonded backing: For occasions where stability is especially needed, bonded backing can be chosen, which is fixed to the fabric by heat pressing to provide stronger support.
The effect of backing choice on the embroidery result
The choice of backing directly affects the final result of the embroidery. Understanding these effects can help designers make more informed choices.
Impact on pattern definition
- The right backing improves pattern definition: the backing provides a stable surface for the embroidery and ensures even, clear stitches. If the backing is not selected correctly, the pattern may be blurred or uneven.
- Backing thickness and pattern detail: for fine pattern details, a thinner backing may be needed to ensure detail definition. Whereas for large color blocks, a thicker backing may be more appropriate.
Effect on fabric softness
- Water-soluble backing maintains softness: Water-soluble backing can be completely removed after the embroidery is completed, maintaining the original softness of the fabric.
- Permanent backing may affect softness: Permanent backing remains in the final product and may affect the softness and breathability of the fabric. Therefore, the need for stability needs to be weighed against the need for softness when selecting a permanent backing.
Impact on durability
- Backing strength and durability: The strength of the backing directly affects the durability of the embroidery. For items that require frequent washing or use, a stronger backing is required.
- Compatibility of backing with fabric: the compatibility of the backing with the fabric also affects the durability of the embroidery. If the backing is not compatible with the fabric, it may result in damage to the embroidery during washing or use.
Impact on visualization
- Transparency and visual effect: For occasions where the original characteristics of the fabric need to be maintained, such as lace, tulle, etc., a backing with a high degree of transparency needs to be selected .
- Color matching: The color of the backing also needs to be considered, especially in the case of edge areas or semi-transparent fabrics. The study of the Chinese Silk Museum mentions the use of power spinning as the backing fabric and dyeing the backing fabric according to the color of the artifacts to ensure a coordinated appearance of the restored artifacts.
